{"id":770654,"date":"2023-10-27T10:36:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T14:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=770654"},"modified":"2023-10-27T10:36:00","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T14:36:00","slug":"nasa-rocket-to-see-sizzling-edge-of-star-forming-supernova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=770654","title":{"rendered":"NASA Rocket to See Sizzling Edge of Star-Forming Supernova"},"content":{"rendered":"
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5 min read<\/p>\n

NASA Rocket to See Sizzling Edge of Star-Forming Supernova<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

A new sounding rocket mission is headed to space to understand how explosive stellar deaths lay the groundwork for new star systems. The Integral Field Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Experiment, or INFUSE, sounding rocket mission, will launch from the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico on Oct. 29, 2023, at 9:35 p.m.\u00a0MDT.<\/p>\n

For a few months each year, the constellation Cygnus (Latin for \u201cswan\u201d) swoops through the northern hemisphere\u2019s night sky. Just above its wing is a favorite target for backyard astronomers and professional scientists alike: the Cygnus Loop, also known as the Veil Nebula.<\/p>\n

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This image shows an illustration of the constellation Cygnus, Latin for \u201cswan,\u201d in the night sky. The Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, also known as the Veil Nebula, is located near one of the swan\u2019s wings, outlined here in a rectangular box. <\/div>\n
NASA<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The Cygnus Loop is the remnant of a star that was once 20 times the size of our Sun. Some 20,000 years ago, that star collapsed under its own gravity and erupted into a supernova. Even from 2,600 light-years away, astronomers estimate the flash of light would have been bright enough to see from Earth during the day.<\/p>\n

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This image taken by NASA\u2019s Hubble Space Telescope shows part of the Veil Nebula or Cygnus Loop. To create this colorful image, observations were taken by Hubble\u2019s Wide Field Camera 3 instrument using five different filters. New post-processing methods have further enhanced details of emissions from doubly ionized oxygen (shown here in shades of blue), ionized hydrogen, and ionized nitrogen (shown here in shades of red). <\/div>\n
ESA\/Hubble & NASA, Z. Levay<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Supernovae are part of a great life cycle. They spray heavy metals forged in a star\u2019s core into the clouds of surrounding dust and gas. They are the source of all chemical elements in our universe heavier than iron, including those that make up our own bodies. From the churned-up clouds and star stuff left in their wake, gases and dust from supernovae gradually clump together to form planets, stars, and new star systems.<\/p>\n

\u201cSupernovae like the one that created the Cygnus Loop have a huge impact on how galaxies form,\u201d said Brian Fleming, a research professor at the University of Colorado Boulder and principal investigator for the INFUSE mission.<\/p>\n

The Cygnus Loop provides a rare look at a supernova blast still in progress. Already over 120 light-years across, the massive cloud is still expanding today at approximately 930,000 miles per hour (about 1.5 million kilometers per hour).<\/p>\n

What our telescopes capture from the Cygnus Loop is not the supernova blast itself. Instead, we see the dust and gas superheated by the shock front, which glows as it cools back down.<\/p>\n

\u201cINFUSE will observe how the supernova dumps energy into the Milky Way by catching light given off just as the blast wave crashes into pockets of cold gas floating around the galaxy,\u201d Fleming said.<\/p>\n

To see that shock front at its sizzling edge, Fleming and his team have developed a telescope that measures far-ultraviolet light \u2013 a kind of light too energetic for our eyes to see. This light reveals gas at temperatures between 90,000 and 540,000 degrees Fahrenheit (about 50,000 to 300,000 degrees Celsius) that is still sizzling after impact.<\/p>\n

INFUSE is an integral field spectrograph, the first instrument of its kind to fly to space. The instrument combines the strengths of two ways of studying light: imaging and spectroscopy. Your typical telescopes have cameras that excel at creating images \u2013 showing where light is coming from, faithfully revealing its spatial arrangement. But telescopes don\u2019t separate light into different wavelengths or \u201ccolors\u201d \u2013 instead, all of the different wavelengths overlap one another in the resulting image.<\/p>\n

Spectroscopy<\/a>, on the other hand, takes a single beam of light and separates it into its component wavelengths or spectrum, much as a prism separates light into a rainbow. This procedure reveals all kinds of information about what the light source is made of, its temperature, and how it is moving. But spectroscopy can only look at a single sliver of light at a time. It\u2019s like looking at the night sky through a narrow keyhole.<\/p>\n

The INFUSE instrument captures an image and then \u201cslices\u201d it up, lining up the slices into one giant \u201ckeyhole.\u201d The spectrometer can then spread each of the slices into its spectrum. This data can be reassembled into a 3-dimensional image that scientists call a \u201cdata cube\u201d \u2013 like a stack of images where each layer reveals a specific wavelength of light.<\/p>\n

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PhD student Emily Witt installs the delicate image slicer \u2013 the core optical technology for INFUSE \u2013 onto its mount in a CU-LASP clean room ahead of integration into the payload.<\/div>\n
CU Boulder LASP\/Brian Fleming<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Using the data from INFUSE, Fleming and his team will not only identify specific elements and their temperatures, but they\u2019ll also see where those different elements lie along the shock front.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a very exciting project to be a part of,\u201d said lead graduate student Emily Witt, also at CU Boulder, who led most of the assembly and testing of INFUSE and will lead the data analysis. \u201cWith these first-of-their-kind measurements, we will better understand how these elements from the supernova mix with the environment around them. It\u2019s a big step toward understanding how material from supernovas becomes part of planets like Earth and even people like us.\u201d<\/p>\n

To get to space, the INFUSE payload will fly aboard a sounding rocket. These nimble, crewless rockets launch into space for a few minutes of data collection before falling back to the ground. The INFUSE payload will fly aboard a two-stage Black Brant 9 sounding rocket, aiming for a peak altitude of about 150 miles (240 kilometers), where it will make its observations, before parachuting back to the ground to be recovered. The team hopes to upgrade the instrument and launch again. In fact, parts of the INFUSE rocket are themselves repurposed from the DEUCE mission, which launched from Australia<\/a> in 2022.<\/p>\n

NASA\u2019s\u00a0Sounding Rocket Program<\/a>\u00a0is conducted at the agency\u2019s\u00a0Wallops Flight Facility<\/a>\u00a0at Wallops Island, Virginia, which is managed by NASA\u2019s\u00a0Goddard Space Flight Center<\/a>\u00a0in Greenbelt, Maryland. NASA\u2019s\u00a0Heliophysics Division<\/a>\u00a0manages the sounding rocket program for the agency. The development of the INFUSE payload was supported by NASA\u2019s\u00a0Astrophysics Division<\/a>.<\/p>\n


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\n Click here for original story, NASA Rocket to See Sizzling Edge of Star-Forming Supernova<\/a>
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\nSource: NASA Earth News <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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