{"id":772469,"date":"2023-11-12T07:48:55","date_gmt":"2023-11-12T11:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=772469"},"modified":"2023-11-12T07:48:55","modified_gmt":"2023-11-12T11:48:55","slug":"seasons-of-uranus-a-sideways-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=772469","title":{"rendered":"Seasons of Uranus, a sideways world"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_435015\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-435015\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-435015\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA released this new Uranus image on April 6, 2023. It\u2019s from the mighty Webb space telescope. In this zoomed-in view, you can see Uranus\u2019 dusty rings and dynamic atmosphere. Notice anything strange about the rings? Yep. Uranus\u2019 rings lie sideways with respect to the ring-and-moon planes of the other planets. Uranus is our solar system\u2019s sideways planet. And that means its the seasons of Uranus are strange! Read more about them below.  Image via NASA\/ ESA\/ CSA\/ STScI\/ J. DePasquale (STScI).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Strange seasons of Uranus<\/h3>\n<p>Uranus has bizarre seasons, at least from our earthly perspective. As we explore distant exoplanets \u2013 or think about moons or rocky asteroids in this solar system \u2013 who knows what range of differences we\u2019ll find? But for the moment we do know this. Uranus has unusual seasons, in contrast to Earth and the other major known planets. It\u2019s because Uranus\u2019 spin axis lies nearly sideways with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun. Compared to Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune \u2013 all of which spin elegantly, nearly upright, as they orbit our local star \u2013 Uranus seems almost as if it\u2019s <em>rolling<\/em> around the sun, like a rolling ball. <\/p>\n<p>Earth\u2019s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees from perpendicular with respect to the plane of our orbit around the sun. Uranus\u2019s axis is tilted at 98 degrees! So Uranus is tilted nearly sideways to the plane of the solar system, the single flat sheet of space in which nearly all the planets and moons orbit. <\/p>\n<p>And, speaking of its orbit, Uranus orbits 1.8 billion miles (2.9 billion km) from the sun. Therefore, Uranus takes a long time to orbit the sun once. Its \u201cyear\u201d is 84 Earth-years long. That makes each of its four seasons 21 years long. That\u2019s another reason we on Earth think of Uranus\u2019 seasons as strange. <\/p>\n<p>Like Earth, Uranus has a nearly circular orbit, so it always remains at roughly the same distance from the sun. Unlike Mars \u2013 whose orbit is more elliptical than that of Earth or Uranus \u2013 Uranus\u2019 distance from the sun isn\u2019t a factor in its seasonal change. <\/p>\n<p>Instead, as on Earth, the planet\u2019s tilt is what gives Uranus its four seasons.<\/p>\n<p>The 2024 lunar calendars are here! Best Christmas gifts in the universe! Check \u2019em out here. <\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dancing Uranus\" width=\"1110\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/H7sJvvKagiA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Extreme tilt means extreme seasons<\/h3>\n<p>So think about how Uranus\u2019 tilt affects its seasons, in contrast to earthly seasons. Here\u2019s one difference. Earth\u2019s tilt means our north and south polar regions have a midnight sun in summer and a long polar night in winter. Since Earth\u2019s axis tilt is relatively small, those dark and bright times at Earth\u2019s poles affect a relatively small part of our planet. <\/p>\n<p>But the tilt of Uranus\u2019 spin axis \u2013 98 degrees \u2013 is huge. As a result, in summer, one pole of Uranus plus a large section of that pole\u2019s hemisphere faces the sun continuously for 21 years. Meanwhile, the other half of Uranus \u2013 the winter half \u2013 is in darkness for 21 years. That\u2019s a long polar night, and a long midnight sun!<\/p>\n<p>Spring and fall on Uranus are equally bizarre. Around the equinoxes on Uranus, sunlight strikes the equatorial region of the planet. During those seasons, the length of a day on Uranus plays an important role in its climate. Uranus spins on its axis about every 17 hours, 14 minutes. So its day-night cycle lasts that long. <\/p>\n<p>So, for much of the planet\u2019s spring and fall, a large percentage of the planet has day and night about every 17 hours. It\u2019s quite a contrast to the summer and winter seasons when half the planet is either in darkness or daylight. <\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_371502\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-371502\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2021\/11\/Uranus-orbit-Showalter.jpeg\" alt=\"Seasons of Uranus: Diagram: Uranus at 4 positions in its orbit with axis pointing toward sun and parallel to orbit at different seasons.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-371502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2021\/11\/Uranus-orbit-Showalter.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2021\/11\/Uranus-orbit-Showalter-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2021\/11\/Uranus-orbit-Showalter-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-371502\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This diagram shows Uranus at four locations in its orbit. When Voyager 2 passed by in 1986, the planet\u2019s south pole was facing the sun and the atmosphere did not show much activity. In 2007, the sun was shining over the planet\u2019s equator, resulting in 17-hour day-night cycles. Earth- and space-based observatories revealed more activity in Uranus\u2019 atmosphere, such as cloud features and atmospheric bands. Image via NASA\/ ESA\/ SETI\/ M. Showalter.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Uranus Revolution Animation\" width=\"1110\" height=\"833\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nWJb5KbX4-Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_255581\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-255581\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2015\/01\/Uranus2-e1485184294266.jpg\" alt=\"Smooth, featureless pale blue ball on black background.\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" class=\"size-full wp-image-255581\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-255581\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A blue and featureless Uranus, as seen by Voyager 2 in 1986. Voyager encountered Uranus during the planet\u2019s southern hemisphere summer season. Image via NASA PhotoJournal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>What we see from Earth and spacecraft<\/h3>\n<p>The extreme seasonal changes cause dramatic shifts in Uranus\u2019 cloud patterns. Earth- and space-based observatories have observed this change over decades of Uranus-watching. The Voyager 2 spacecraft is the only craft from Earth that has ever flown past Uranus. That was in 1986. Voyager 2 encountered this world during its southern hemisphere summer. The spacecraft saw Uranus as blue and featureless.<\/p>\n<p>In the years since Voyager 2\u2019s flyby of Uranus, astronomical observing technologies have become more powerful. As Uranus moved in its 84-year orbit around the sun, we\u2019ve seen the seasons on Uranus change.<\/p>\n<p>Since the Voyager 2 observations, Uranus has emerged from the grip of its decades-long winter\/summer season. Its southern hemisphere autumn equinox occurred in 2007; that\u2019s when the sun was shining above Uranus\u2019 equator. Sunlight reached some latitudes for the first time in years. Light and warmth in the atmosphere triggered gigantic storms comparable in size to North America (but with temperatures of -300 Fahrenheit\/-184 Celsius), visible as bright spots in the planet\u2019s atmosphere.<\/p>\n<h3>Following seasonal changes from Earth<\/h3>\n<p>Around that time, Earth- and space-based telescopes revealed more clouds in the atmosphere of Uranus. Bands encircling the planet changed in size and brightness as sunlight struck parts of the planet for the first time in decades. Plus, a dark spot appeared \u2013 and more bright spots \u2013 which observers were able to follow for years.<\/p>\n<p>What more will we see in the decades and years ahead as Uranus moves toward the long winter\/summer portion of its orbit once more?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_255582\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-255582\" style=\"width: 575px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2015\/01\/uranus-dark-spot-oct-2006.jpg\" alt=\"Blue striped planet with inset showing enlarged dark spot.\" width=\"575\" height=\"390\" class=\"size-full wp-image-255582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2015\/01\/uranus-dark-spot-oct-2006.jpg 575w, https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2015\/01\/uranus-dark-spot-oct-2006-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2015\/01\/uranus-dark-spot-oct-2006-190x129.jpg 190w, https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2015\/01\/uranus-dark-spot-oct-2006-140x95.jpg 140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-255582\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The dark spot on Uranus, which appeared as the planet\u2019s northern hemisphere approached its autumn equinox, was large enough to engulf 2\/3 of the United States. Image via NASA\/ ESA\/ L. Sromovsky and P. Fry.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_371453\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-371453\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2021\/11\/uranus-with-rings-hubble-2004.jpeg\" alt=\"Planet in space with thin ring and several moons. Planet has colorful bands and small red spots.\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-371453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2021\/11\/uranus-with-rings-hubble-2004.jpeg 450w, https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2021\/11\/uranus-with-rings-hubble-2004-225x300.jpeg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-371453\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This 2004 image of Uranus was taken using filters designed to isolate very specific wavelengths of light to bring out features \u2013 in this case, variations in the altitude and thickness of clouds \u2013 that would otherwise not be visible. Images of the area around the planet were enhanced to show the rings and some of the planet\u2019s moons. Image via NASA\/ Erich Karkoschka.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Bottom line: The rotation axis of Uranus has a very large tilt that causes extreme seasonal changes. This results in increased activity in its atmosphere during the planet\u2019s spring and fall seasons.<\/p>\n<p>Read more: Uranus at opposition on November 13, 2023<\/p>\n<p>Read more: Uranus discovered by accident in 1781<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cp-load-after-post\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-author\">\n<h4>Deborah Byrd<\/h4>\n<p>                    View Articles\n                  <\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"post-tags\">\n<h6 data-udy-fe=\"text_7c58270d\">About the Author:<\/h6>\n<p>Deborah Byrd created the EarthSky radio series in 1991 and founded EarthSky.org in 1994. Today, she serves as Editor-in-Chief of this website. She has won a galaxy of awards from the broadcasting and science communities, including having an asteroid named 3505 Byrd in her honor. In 2020, she was the Education Prize from the American Astronomical Society, the largest organization of professional astronomers in North America. A science communicator and educator since 1976, Byrd believes in science as a force for good in the world and a vital tool for the 21st century. &#8220;Being an EarthSky editor is like hosting a big global party for cool nature-lovers,&#8221; she says.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/space\/seasons-of-uranus-strange-sideways-world\/?rand=772280\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NASA released this new Uranus image on April 6, 2023. It\u2019s from the mighty Webb space telescope. In this zoomed-in view, you can see Uranus\u2019 dusty rings and dynamic atmosphere.&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":772470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-772469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-sky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/772469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=772469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/772469\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/772470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=772469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=772469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=772469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}