{"id":775577,"date":"2023-12-14T12:16:50","date_gmt":"2023-12-14T17:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=775577"},"modified":"2023-12-14T12:16:50","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T17:16:50","slug":"betelgeuse-versus-the-asteroid-what-happened","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=775577","title":{"rendered":"Betelgeuse Versus the Asteroid&#8230; What Happened?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><em>A rare occultation of the bright star Betelgeuse by asteroid 319 Leona turned up mixed results.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In science and astronomy, sometimes a negative or subtle result can be as interesting as a positive one. That\u2019s just what occultation-chasers where confronted with this past Monday evening on the night of December 11th\/12th, when asteroid 319 Leona occulted (passed in front of) the +0.5 magnitude star Betelgeuse. <\/p>\n<p><span id=\"more-164811\"\/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-event\">The Event<\/h2>\n<p>This was the most anticipated asteroid occultation of a bright star since 163 Erigone occulted Regulus on over the northeastern United States in 2014. Much like that event, Monday night\u2019s occultation was a hit-or-miss affair along the 142 kilometer-wide path in terms of clouds. The track of the \u2018asteroid\u2019s shadow\u2019 across the Earth crossed over the southern tip of Florida, the Atlantic and central Europe.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Asteroid Leona (circled) approaches Betelgeuse. Credit: Tom Wildoner <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-subtle-celestial-affair\">A Subtle Celestial Affair<\/h2>\n<p>Nabbing an asteroid occultation usually means traveling to the path, and Monday night\u2019s event was no exception. It was hoped that observers would see Betelgeuse wink out for a dozen-odd seconds. A study of the resulting light curve could not only refine the shape and size of the asteroid, but help to say something about the diameter of Betelgeuse itself.<\/p>\n<p>Plans were laid, and cameras and telescopes were at the ready for the best asteroid occultation of a bright star for 2023. But when the key moment came, observers saw nary a blip in brightness.<\/p>\n<p>Well, <em>almost <\/em>nothing. If you watch video recordings of the event, Betelgeuse did seem to quiver a bit at the key time.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Eclipsed Betelgeuse: Asteroid Leona in front of the red supergiant!\" width=\"1110\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gAyTqUNX_QA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>So, what happened?<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-betelgeuse-betelgeuse-betelgeuse\">Betelgeuse (Betelgeuse, Betelgeuse) <\/h2>\n<p>I think the key to the mystery lies in the nature of both of the objects involved. Betelgeuse is a variable star, and at roughly 550 light-years distant, one of the closest candidates to our solar system with a potential to go supernova. Remember the excitement back in late 2019 when the star conspicuously dimmed? At the time, there was hope that this was a harbinger for a cataclysmic event. Although Betelgeuse is crowned Alpha Orionis (the brightest star in Orion), it often swaps places with the star Rigel as the lucida for the constellation Orion.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"740\" src=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Betel_haubois800.jpg\" alt=\"Betelgeuse\" class=\"wp-image-164821\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Betel_haubois800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Betel_haubois800-580x537.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Betel_haubois800-250x231.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Betel_haubois800-768x710.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An image of the surface of Betelgeuse, constructed using interferometry. Credit: Xavier Haubois (Paris Observatory).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Now, Red Giant Betelgeuse is massive enough and close enough to show a tiny but discernible angular diameter. In fact, Betelgeuse was the first star to have its apparent angular diameter efectively measured. Astronomers Albert Michelson and Francis Pease completed this feat in 1920. They did this using a six-meter interferometer mounted on the front of the 2.5-meter telescope at Mount Wilson. They came up with a value of 47 mas (milli-arcseconds, or 1\/1,000th of an arcsecond). Today, the accepted value of the diameter of Betelgeuse is 45-55 mas. This makes Betelgeuse the second largest star in the sky in terms of apparent angular diameter, behind R Doradus at 57 mas.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"737\" src=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/319_Leona_13_Sep_2023_occultation_chords-1024x737.jpg\" alt=\"319 Leona\" class=\"wp-image-164822\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/319_Leona_13_Sep_2023_occultation_chords-1024x737.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/319_Leona_13_Sep_2023_occultation_chords-580x418.jpg 580w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/319_Leona_13_Sep_2023_occultation_chords-250x180.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/319_Leona_13_Sep_2023_occultation_chords-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/319_Leona_13_Sep_2023_occultation_chords-1536x1106.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/319_Leona_13_Sep_2023_occultation_chords.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Asteroid 319 Leona, constructed from an occultation in September 2023. Credit: J.L. Ortitiz\/MNRAS Letters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Asteroid 319 Leona was discovered by astronomer Auguste Charlois from the Nice Observatory on the night of October 8<sup>th<\/sup>, 1891. Orbiting the Sun once every 6.3 years, 319 Leona is an estimated 80 by 55 kilometers across, yielding an angular size of about 46 mas in diameter. The asteroid was 2.763 Astronomical Units (AU) distant at the time of the event.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-occultation-obfuscation\">Occultation Obfuscation <\/h2>\n<p>Of course, 319 Leona, like most small asteroids, is oblong-shaped. I\u2019m thinking what happened Monday night was a partial or annular occultation, which failed to dim mighty Betelgeuse entirely. Think of the strange potato-shaped eclipses that the rovers on Mars sometimes witness. These occur when the misshapen moons Phobos and Deimos pass in front of the Sun.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Phobos-eclipse.gif\" alt=\"Phobos v Sun\" class=\"wp-image-164823\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Phobos-eclipse.gif 200w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Phobos-eclipse-100x100.gif 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Perseverance sees Phobos pass in front of the Sun. Credit: NASA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cAt least there was a very obvious dimming,\u201d Andreas Dill who recorded the event from Spain told <em>Universe Today<\/em>. \u201cWhether this was because it was an annular or a partial eclipse remains to be analyzed. What I am eager to see, and what is the main goal of observations: will it be possible to reconstruct the surface of Betelgeuse from all the obtained light curves?\u201d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"730\" height=\"1003\" src=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Domenico-Licchelli-2023-12-12-Betelgeuse_Leona_Licchelli_1702469100_lg.jpg\" alt=\"Event\" class=\"wp-image-164824\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Domenico-Licchelli-2023-12-12-Betelgeuse_Leona_Licchelli_1702469100_lg.jpg 730w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Domenico-Licchelli-2023-12-12-Betelgeuse_Leona_Licchelli_1702469100_lg-422x580.jpg 422w, https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Domenico-Licchelli-2023-12-12-Betelgeuse_Leona_Licchelli_1702469100_lg-182x250.jpg 182w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 730px) 100vw, 730px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An early analysis of the occultation event, along with the extrapolated light curve. Credit: Domenico Licchelli <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sure, maybe the occultation wasn\u2019t a clean cut event. Still, those guttering flickers of the star could yield some interesting results. Maybe our understanding of the true size and nature of Betelgeuse is due for a slight revision.<\/p>\n<p>And someday, tonight or thousands of years from now, Betelgeuse will indeed go supernova. It will then put on a fine show, giving astronomers a chance to study such a spectacle up close. We can only hope this occurs in a month such as December, putting Betelgeuse in full view as a \u2018Christmas Star\u2019 like no other (June would put it almost directly behind the Sun!). After its final show is over, Betelgeuse will then \u2018wink out\u2019 for good, and Orion the Hunter will never truly look the same again.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded\" id=\"like-post-wrapper-24000880-164811-657b36912db11\" data-src=\"https:\/\/widgets.wp.com\/likes\/#blog_id=24000880&amp;post_id=164811&amp;origin=www.universetoday.com&amp;obj_id=24000880-164811-657b36912db11\" data-name=\"like-post-frame-24000880-164811-657b36912db11\" data-title=\"Like or Reblog\">\n<h3 class=\"sd-title\">Like this:<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"button\"><span>Like<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"loading\">Loading&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"sd-text-color\"\/><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/164811\/betelgeuse-versus-the-asteroid-what-happened\/?rand=772204\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A rare occultation of the bright star Betelgeuse by asteroid 319 Leona turned up mixed results. In science and astronomy, sometimes a negative or subtle result can be as interesting&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":775578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-775577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genaero"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/775577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=775577"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/775577\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/775578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=775577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=775577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=775577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}