{"id":779209,"date":"2024-03-19T18:15:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-19T23:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=779209"},"modified":"2024-03-19T18:15:00","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T23:15:00","slug":"one-impact-on-mars-produced-more-than-two-billion-secondary-craters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=779209","title":{"rendered":"One Impact on Mars Produced More than Two Billion Secondary Craters"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>There are plenty of craters on Mars, especially when compared to Earth. That is primarily thanks to the lack of weathering forces and strong plate tectonics that disrupt the formations of such impacts on our home planet. However, not all impact craters on Mars are directly caused by asteroid impacts. Many of them are caused by the ejecta from an asteroid impact falling back to the planet. One recent study showed how impactful this can be \u2013 it concludes that a single large impact crater on Mars created over two billion other smaller craters up to almost 2000 km away.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"more-166223\"\/><\/p>\n<p>The study, released at the 55th annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas, focuses on a crater called Corinto. It\u2019s located in Elysium Planitia, only about 17 degrees north of the Red Planet\u2019s equator. It\u2019s a relatively young crater by Martian standards, with the scientists\u2019 best estimate of its age being around 2.34 million years ago. It\u2019s pretty massive for being that young, though, as the average time between impacts of its size is around 3 million years. As such, the scientists think it might be the most recent crater of its size on Mars.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s not why it\u2019s interesting, though. It has an extensive \u201cray system\u201d. That means that a significant amount of ejecta was cast out from the impact site and landed elsewhere on the planet, creating \u201crays\u201d from the central impact point that can be seen on a map of the planet\u2019s surface even today.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<p>\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Studying How Craters Are Made: The Planetary Impact Lab\" width=\"1110\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ztQ8l5r__Ik?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/p><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A video from JHU APL shows the details of how we understand how impact craters are made.<br \/>Credit \u2013 JHU APl YouTube Channel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Corinto crater is about 14 km in diameter and 1 km deep. Its interior bowl is pock-marked with other, smaller craters that happened its impact. Indications suggest it was full of water ice when it was hit, as there appeared to be some degassing of the superheated ice after the impact. Calculations point to a relatively steep impact angle of about 30-45 degrees from straight on \u2013 and the impactor appeared to be coming from the north.<\/p>\n<p>As a result, much of the ejecta impact field lies to the south, especially the southwest, of the crater. While some secondary ejecta craters are sitting to the north of the main one, it appears clear that the impactor\u2019s angle was significant enough to push most ejecta to the south.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Tracking the path of this ejecta a few million years later isn\u2019t easy. Scientists used data collected by HiRISE and the Context Camera (CTX) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and analyzed characteristics of smaller craters surrounding the main Corinto crater. In particular, they looked for craters that looked like they would be caused by ejecta rather than by an interplanetary impactor.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Graphical Depiction of the Facies of Maritan craters around Corinto.<br \/>Credit \u2013 Golombek et al.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>They grouped the different types of ejecta craters they found into five different \u201cfacies,\u201d primarily focused on how far away they were from the main crater. Each facies has its distinct characteristics. For example, Facies 0, the one closest to the main crater, are semi-circular, don\u2019t appear to have any ejecta, or have very distinct rims. On the other hand, Facies 3 craters are long and narrow rather than semi-circular (hinting that something rolled through to create them) and have shown up as very bright in the MRO images.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Two main findings from the paper will probably turn the most heads. The scientists found that there are close to 2 billion secondary impact craters larger than 10 meters caused by the ejecta from Corinto. And those secondary craters appear up to 1850 km away. That would make it, by far, the most impactful (pun intended) of the recent Martian craters in terms of the sheer number and distance of its ejecta.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The paper didn\u2019t go into what that might mean for our larger understanding of these processes on the red planet, nor what future work might be completed \u2013 the version reviewed for this article was only two pages. But, as with most things in science, a new record for something \u2013 in this case, distance and amount of secondary impact craters, attracts additional research, so we\u2019ll have to see what if any, future discoveries can be made regarding this interesting Martian crater.<\/p>\n<p>Learn More:<br \/>Golombek et al. \u2013 CORINTO: A YOUNG, EXTENSIVELY RAYED CRATER THAT PRODUCED A BILLION<br \/>SECONDARIES ON MARS<br \/>UT \u2013 Here\u2019s Something Rare: a Martian Crater That isn\u2019t a Circle. What Happened?<br \/>UT \u2013 This Crater on Mars is Just a Couple of Years Old<br \/>UT \u2013 It\u2019s Been Constantly Raining Meteors on Mars for 600 Million Years. Earth too.<\/p>\n<p>Lead Image:<br \/>Corinto Crater<br \/>Credit \u2013 NASA<\/p>\n<div class=\"sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded\" id=\"like-post-wrapper-24000880-166223-65fa1906dc76c\" data-src=\"https:\/\/widgets.wp.com\/likes\/?ver=13.2#blog_id=24000880&amp;post_id=166223&amp;origin=www.universetoday.com&amp;obj_id=24000880-166223-65fa1906dc76c&amp;n=1\" data-name=\"like-post-frame-24000880-166223-65fa1906dc76c\" data-title=\"Like or Reblog\">\n<h3 class=\"sd-title\">Like this:<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"button\"><span>Like<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"loading\">Loading&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"sd-text-color\"\/><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/166223\/one-impact-on-mars-produced-more-than-two-billion-secondary-craters\/?rand=772204\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are plenty of craters on Mars, especially when compared to Earth. That is primarily thanks to the lack of weathering forces and strong plate tectonics that disrupt the formations&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":779210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-779209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genaero"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779209","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=779209"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779209\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/779210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=779209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=779209"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=779209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}