\n<\/p>\n
NASA engineers, managers, and flight directors recently traded their cubicles and conference rooms for an ancient volcanic field in the northern Arizona desert to participate in a field geology course aimed at arming them with first-hand experience in what Artemis astronauts will do when they explore the Moon.\u00a0<\/p>\n
The two-and-a-half-day exercise for Artemis mission support teams was a condensed version of the rigorous training astronauts receive to prepare for Artemis missions to the lunar South Pole region, but shares an important purpose.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u201cWe are building a common language and a common understanding of what it will be like to do field geology on the surface of the Moon,\u201d said Cindy Evans, Artemis geology training lead at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston. \u201cThis is so the people who are building spacesuits, building tools, building software systems, the people who will be flight controllers, and the managers who direct and fund all of this, can all understand the interlocking parts of surface exploration.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n
Cindy Evans<\/p>\n
Artemis Geology Training Lead at NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Small teams led by geology experts from NASA, the USGS (U.S. Geological Survey), and academia studied maps, built hypotheses about the geologic history of the area, and trekked for miles to test whether those hypotheses match reality. This field test required smashing rocks with hammers to study their mineral makeup, and carefully selecting a few to examine further after returning from the field in the same way Artemis astronauts will return samples from the Moon. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Geology studies help uncover the rich physical history of an area. Each rock type represents a process and the order of layering of those rocks reveals a story that could unlock a planet\u2019s secrets, offering clues for how it was formed and evolved over time.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u201cThe Moon doesn\u2019t have an atmosphere or flowing water like we have here on Earth, and doesn\u2019t have plate tectonics, which are processes that erase a lot of the evidence from the early Earth,\u201d said Jacob Bleacher, chief exploration scientist in the Exploration Systems Development Mission directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. \u201cThe Moon still has that evidence, so we can go to the Moon and learn lessons about our home planet that we can\u2019t learn here on the Earth.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
In the desert, as the mission support team members practiced the fundamental methods used by geologists to study an environment, they pieced together the story of the region. The planned walking paths, known as traverses, frequently changed based on what they were finding. Teams embraced the principle of \u201cflexecution\u201d \u2013 or flexible execution \u2013 a practice that could come into play as astronauts explore the lunar surface and report findings to a backroom of scientists supporting the mission in the Mission Control Center at Johnson, referred to as the science evaluation room.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u201cThe geologists will be the science evaluation room during Artemis missions, assimilating real-time mission data to understand the observations, tracking the samples, going back to the maps that they\u2019ve built trying to understand how all those pieces fit together on a day-by-day and traverse-by-traverse basis,\u201d said Evans. \u201cWhen the astronauts return home with the samples and with their full observations, the scientists can hit the ground running to address key science questions.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n
With Artemis, NASA will study the history of the Moon and its relationship with Earth and build a blueprint for deeper space exploration.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u201cWhat we\u2019re doing now is laying the groundwork for long-term exploration at the Moon,\u201d Bleacher said. \u201cLaying that groundwork will then help us explore other destinations like Mars. The Moon is a part of everything that we understand here on the Earth. It\u2019s also an anchor point to help us understand how to interpret everything else in the solar system.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n
NASA conducts field tests in locations on Earth that have lunar-like landscapes to test a variety of operations and procedures, as well as new technologies, before leaving Earth for Artemis missions on the Moon. In addition to this geology training to build a foundation for mission support teams, another team will conduct simulated moonwalks in the Arizona desert this spring with mockup spacesuits to test hardware and new capabilities, like a heads-up display using augmented reality, for future Artemis missions.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n
Through Artemis, NASA will send astronauts \u2013 including the first woman, first person of color, and its first international partner astronaut \u2013 to explore more of the lunar surface than ever before prepare for human missions to Mars for the benefit of all.\u00a0<\/p>\n