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\t\t\t\t\t\t23\/05\/2024<\/span> Today, ESA\u2019s Euclid space mission releases five unprecedented new views of the Universe. The never-before-seen images demonstrate Euclid\u2019s ability to unravel the secrets of the cosmos and enable scientists to hunt for rogue planets, use lensed galaxies to study mysterious matter, and explore the evolution of the Universe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n The new images are part of Euclid\u2019s Early Release Observations. They accompany the mission\u2019s first scientific data, also made public today, and 10 forthcoming science papers. The treasure trove comes less than a year after the space telescope\u2019s launch, and roughly six months after it returned its first full-colour images of the cosmos.<\/p>\n \u201cEuclid is a unique, ground-breaking mission, and these are the first datasets to be made public \u2013 it\u2019s an important milestone,\u201d says Valeria Pettorino, ESA\u2019s Euclid Project Scientist. \u201cThe images and associated science findings are impressively diverse in terms of the objects and distances observed. They include a variety of science applications, and yet represent a mere 24 hours of observations. They give just a hint of what Euclid can do. We are looking forward to six more years of data to come!\u201d<\/p>\n The full set of early observations targeted 17 astronomical objects, from nearby clouds of gas and dust to distant clusters of galaxies, ahead of Euclid\u2019s main survey. This survey aims to uncover the secrets of the dark cosmos and reveal how and why the Universe looks as it does today.<\/p>\n \u201cThis space telescope intends to tackle the biggest open questions in cosmology,\u201d adds Valeria. \u201cAnd these early observations clearly demonstrate that Euclid is more than up to the task.\u201d<\/p>\n Euclid will trace the hidden web-like foundations of the cosmos, map billions of galaxies across more than one-third of the sky, explore how our Universe formed and evolved over cosmic history, and study the most mysterious of its fundamental components: dark energy and dark matter.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n The images obtained by Euclid are at least four times sharper than those we can take from ground-based telescopes. They cover large patches of sky at unrivalled depth, looking far into the distant Universe using both visible and infrared light.<\/p>\n \u201cIt\u2019s no exaggeration to say that the results we\u2019re seeing from Euclid are unprecedented,\u201d says ESA Director of Science, Prof. Carole Mundell. \u201cEuclid\u2019s first images, published in November, clearly illustrated the telescope\u2019s vast potential to explore the dark Universe, and this second batch is no different.<\/p>\n \u201cThe beauty of Euclid is that it covers large regions of the sky in great detail and depth, and can capture a wide range of different objects all in the same image \u2013 from faint to bright, from distant to nearby, from the most massive of galaxy clusters to small planets. We get both a very detailed and very wide view all at once. This amazing versatility has resulted in numerous new science results that, when combined with the results from Euclid\u2019s surveying over the coming years, will significantly alter our understanding of the Universe.\u201d<\/p>\n While visually stunning, the images are far more than beautiful snapshots; they reveal new physical properties of the Universe thanks to Euclid\u2019s novel and unique observing capabilities. These scientific secrets are detailed further in a number of accompanying papers released by the Euclid collaboration, made available tomorrow on arXiv (linked below), together with five key reference papers about the Euclid mission.<\/p>\n The early findings showcase Euclid\u2019s ability to search star-forming regions for free-floating \u2018rogue\u2019 planets just four times the mass of Jupiter; study the outer regions of star clusters in unprecedented detail; and map different star populations to explore how galaxies have evolved over time. They reveal how the space telescope can detect individual star clusters in distant groups and clusters of galaxies; identify a rich harvest of new dwarf galaxies; see the light from stars ripped away from their parent galaxies \u2013 and much more.<\/p>\n Euclid produced this early catalogue in just a single day, revealing over 11 million objects in visible light and 5 million more in infrared light. This catalogue has resulted in significant new science.<\/p>\n \u201cEuclid demonstrates European excellence in frontier science and state-of-the-art technology, and showcases the importance of international collaboration,\u201d says ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher. \u201cThe mission is the result of many years of hard work from scientists, engineers and industry throughout Europe and from members of the Euclid scientific consortium around the world, all brought together by ESA. They can be proud of this achievement \u2013 the results are no small feat for such an ambitious mission and such complex fundamental science. Euclid is at the very beginning of its exciting journey to map the structure of the Universe.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n Abell 2390<\/b><\/p>\n Euclid\u2019s image of galaxy cluster Abell 2390 reveals more than 50 000 galaxies and shows a beautiful display of gravitational lensing, depicting giant curved arcs on the sky \u2013 some of which are actually multiple views of the same distant object. Euclid will use lensing (where the light travelling to us from distant galaxies is bent and distorted by gravity) as a key technique for exploring the dark Universe, indirectly measuring the amount and distribution of dark matter both in galaxy clusters and elsewhere. Euclid scientists are also studying how the masses and numbers of galaxy clusters on the sky have changed over time, revealing more about the history and evolution of the Universe.<\/p>\n Euclid\u2019s cutout view of Abell 2390 shows the light permeating the cluster from stars that have been ripped away from their parent galaxies and sit in intergalactic space. Viewing this \u2018intracluster light\u2019 is a specialty of Euclid, and these stellar orphans may allow us to \u2018see\u2019 where dark matter lies.<\/p>\n More about this image<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n Messier 78<\/b><\/p>\n This breathtaking image features Messier 78, a vibrant star nursery enveloped in interstellar dust. Euclid peered deep into this nursery using its infrared camera, exposing hidden regions of star formation for the first time, mapping its complex filaments of gas and dust in unprecedented detail, and uncovering newly formed stars and planets. Euclid\u2019s instruments can detect objects just a few times the mass of Jupiter, and its infrared \u2018eyes\u2019 reveal over 300 000 new objects in this field of view alone. Scientists are using this dataset to study the amount and ratio of stars and smaller (sub-stellar) objects found here \u2013 key to understanding the dynamics of how star populations form and change over time.<\/p>\n More about this image<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n NGC 6744<\/b><\/p>\n In this image Euclid showcases NGC 6744, an archetype of the kind of galaxy currently forming most of the stars in the local Universe. Euclid\u2019s large field-of-view covers the entire galaxy, capturing not only spiral structure on larger scales but also exquisite detail on small spatial scales. This includes feather-like lanes of dust emerging as \u2018spurs\u2019 from the spiral arms, shown here with incredible clarity. Scientists are using this dataset to understand how dust and gas are linked to star formation; map how different star populations are distributed throughout galaxies and where stars are currently forming; and unravel the physics behind the structure of spiral galaxies, something that is still not fully understood after decades of study.<\/p>\n More about this image<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n Abell 2764 (and bright star)<\/b><\/p>\n This view shows the galaxy cluster Abell 2764 (top right), which comprises hundreds of galaxies within a vast halo of dark matter. Euclid captures many objects in this patch of sky, including background galaxies, more distant clusters, and interacting galaxies throwing off streams and shells of stars. This complete view of Abell 2764 and surroundings \u2014 obtained thanks to Euclid\u2019s impressively wide field-of-view \u2014 allows scientists to ascertain the radius of the cluster and see its outskirts with faraway galaxies still in frame. Euclid\u2019s observations of Abell 2764 are also allowing scientists to further explore galaxies in the distant cosmic dark ages, as with Abell 2390.<\/p>\n Also seen here is a very bright foreground star that lies within our own galaxy (V*BP-Phoenicis\/HD 1973, a star within our galaxy and in the southern hemisphere that\u2019s nearly bright enough to be seen by the human eye). When we look at a star through a telescope, its light is scattered outwards into a diffuse circular halo due to the telescope\u2019s optics. Euclid was designed to make this scatter as small as possible. As a result, the star causes little disturbance, allowing us to capture faint distant galaxies near the line of sight without being blinded by the star\u2019s brightness.<\/p>\n More about this image<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n Dorado Group<\/b><\/p>\n Here, Euclid captures galaxies evolving and merging \u2018in action\u2019 in the Dorado galaxy group, with beautiful tidal tails and shells seen as a result of ongoing interactions. Scientists are using this dataset to study how galaxies evolve, to improve our models of cosmic history and understand how galaxies form within halos of dark matter. This image showcases Euclid\u2019s versatility: a wide array of galaxies is visible here, from very bright to very faint. Thanks to Euclid\u2019s unique combination of large field-of-view, remarkable depth, and high spatial resolution, it can capture tiny (star clusters), wider (galaxy cores) and extended (tidal tails) features all in one frame. Scientists are also seeking distant individual clusters of stars known as globular clusters to trace their galactic history and dynamics.<\/p>\n More about this image<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n Euclid is a European mission, built and operated by ESA, with contributions from NASA. The Euclid Consortium \u2013 consisting of more than 2000 scientists from 300 institutes in 15 European countries, the USA, Canada and Japan \u2013 is responsible for providing the scientific instruments and scientific data analysis. ESA selected Thales Alenia Space as prime contractor for the construction of the satellite and its service module, with Airbus Defence and Space chosen to develop the payload module, including the telescope. NASA provided the detectors of the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer, NISP. Euclid is a medium-class mission in ESA\u2019s Cosmic Vision Programme.<\/p>\n Science papers and data:<\/b><\/p>\n Images in ESASky:<\/b><\/p>\n Web articles from partner institutes:<\/b><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\nIntroducing the images<\/h2>\n
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