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Paradoxically, even though we produce more scientific output than ever before \u2013 each year, researchers around the world publish millions of academic papers \u2013 the pace of scientific discovery is slowing down.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n There are several factors behind this general slow-down of scientific advancement, but the most important factor is the simple maturation of any field.<\/p>\n As time goes on fields of science become more mature and sophisticated. This is a good thing, as we take small threads of newfound knowledge and develop them into full-fledged theories of the workings of the universe. But this process ironically slows the pace of future discoveries in that same field.<\/p>\n This is because our questions are becoming more sophisticated, more targeted. In any field of science, the pace of discovery is quite rapid, as individual researchers are capable of making amazing breakthroughs with just their minds or a few simple laboratory experiments and observations. But once those easy questions are answered, all that are left are the hard ones; the problems that require collaborations of humans working together and pooling their resources, the ones that require massive investments in time or money, the ones that require intense effort, years of investigation, to chip away at some small corner of the overall problem.<\/p>\n For example, consider cosmology. A century ago, barely anybody was concerned with the nature and fate of the universe. Even after Hubble\u2019s discovery of an expanding universe, cosmology was considered a niche subject. But its small set of practitioners were able to make astounding leaps, cementing the Big Bang\u2019s place as the key theory of the history of the universe. Today, advancement in science is slowing, with teams of hundreds spending millions of dollars to develop a single survey.<\/p>\n \n