{"id":788794,"date":"2024-09-11T10:32:50","date_gmt":"2024-09-11T15:32:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=788794"},"modified":"2024-09-11T10:32:50","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T15:32:50","slug":"see-the-most-detailed-star-bubbles-yet-in-new-video","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=788794","title":{"rendered":"See the most-detailed star bubbles yet in new video"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Stellar bubbles captured by ALMA | ESO News\" width=\"1110\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jaxyu4RP9-I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/><em>Watch the motion of star bubbles on the surface of the star R Doradus in the video above.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Stars \u2013 including our own sun<\/strong> \u2013 have giant bubbles of hot gas on their surfaces.<\/li>\n<li><strong>These convective bubbles, called granules<\/strong>, had never been tracked in detail in stars besides the sun, until now.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A new video of the star R Doradus<\/strong> captures these granules in the best detail yet for stars outside our own.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ESO published this original story on September 11, 2024. Edits by EarthSky.<\/p>\n<h3>Detail on a star far beyond the sun<\/h3>\n<p>For the first time, astronomers have captured images of a star other than the sun in enough detail to track the motion of bubbling gas on its surface. The Atacama Large Millimeter\/submillimeter Array (ALMA) obtained the images of the star R Doradus in July and August 2023. They show giant, hot bubbles of gas, 75 times the size of the sun. The video shows the bubbles appearing on the surface and sinking back into the star\u2019s interior faster than expected.<\/p>\n<p>Wouter Vlemmings, a professor at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, was the lead author of the study published today in <em>Nature<\/em>: <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>This is the first time the bubbling surface of a real star can be shown in such a way. We had never expected the data to be of such high quality that we could see so many details of the convection on the stellar surface.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_486468\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-486468\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-486468\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Astronomers have captured a detailed sequence of images tracking the motion of bubbling gas on a star\u2019s surface. This panel shows 3 of these real images of the star \u2013 R Doradus \u2013 from July 18, July 27 and August 2, 2023. The ALMA telescope array captured the giant bubbles \u2013 75 times the size of the sun \u2013 on the surface thanks to convection motions inside R Doradus. Earth\u2019s orbit is shown for scale. Image via ALMA (ESO\/NAOJ\/NRAO)\/ W. Vlemmings et al.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Star bubbles are granules due to convection<\/h3>\n<p>Stars produce energy in their cores through nuclear fusion. This energy can be carried out toward the star\u2019s surface in huge, hot bubbles of gas. These bubbles then cool down and sink, like a lava lamp. This mixing motion, known as convection, distributes the heavy elements formed in the core, such as carbon and nitrogen, throughout the star. Scientists also think convection is responsible for the stellar winds that carry these elements out into the cosmos to build new stars and planets.<\/p>\n<p>This is the first time convection motions have been tracked in detail in stars other than the sun. By using ALMA, the team was able to obtain high-resolution images of the surface of R Doradus over the course of a month. R Doradus is a red giant star with a diameter roughly 350 times that of the sun. It\u2019s located about 180 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Dorado. Its large size and proximity to Earth make it an ideal target for detailed observations. Furthermore, its mass is similar to that of the sun. That means R Doradus is likely fairly similar to how our sun will look like in 5 billion years, when it becomes a red giant.<\/p>\n<p>Theo Khouri, a researcher at Chalmers who is a co-author of the study, said: <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Convection creates the beautiful granular structure seen on the surface of our sun, but it is hard to see on other stars. With ALMA, we have now been able to not only directly see convective granules  \u2014 with a size 75 times the size of our sun! \u2014 but also measure how fast they move for the first time.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_486472\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-486472\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2024\/09\/Doradus-and-surroundings-ESO-e1725995096143.jpg\" alt=\"A reddish-orange star at center with dimmer stars all around.\" width=\"800\" height=\"783\" class=\"size-full wp-image-486472\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-486472\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This view from the Digitized Sky Survey 2 shows the wider region around R Doradus (center). Image via ESO\/ Digitized Sky Survey 2. Acknowledgement: Davide De Martin.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>R Doradus is our sun\u2019s future<\/h3>\n<p>The granules of R Doradus appear to move on a one-month cycle. That\u2019s faster than scientists expected, based on how convection works in the sun. Vlemmings said: <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>We don\u2019t yet know what is the reason for the difference. It seems that convection changes as a star gets older in ways that we don\u2019t yet understand.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Observations like those now made of R Doradus are helping us to understand how stars like the sun behave, even when they grow as cool, big and bubbly as R Doradus is.<\/p>\n<p>Behzad Bojnodi Arbab, a PhD student at Chalmers who was also involved in the study, said: <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>It is spectacular that we can now directly image the details on the surface of stars so far away, and observe physics that until now was mostly only observable in our sun.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_486473\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-486473\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2024\/09\/solar-granules_January_20_2020-Daniel-K.-Inouye-Solar-Telescope-Wikimedia-Commons.jpg\" alt=\"Yellow bits with dark edges packed in tight like looking at corn or confetti.\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" class=\"size-full wp-image-486473\" srcset=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2024\/09\/solar-granules_January_20_2020-Daniel-K.-Inouye-Solar-Telescope-Wikimedia-Commons.jpg 768w, https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2024\/09\/solar-granules_January_20_2020-Daniel-K.-Inouye-Solar-Telescope-Wikimedia-Commons-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2024\/09\/solar-granules_January_20_2020-Daniel-K.-Inouye-Solar-Telescope-Wikimedia-Commons-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\"\/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-486473\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope took this image of granules on our sun on January 20, 2020. Granules on our sun are about 930 miles (1,500 km) wide and last 8 to 20 minutes. Meanwhile, supergranules can be 19,000 miles (30,000 km) wide and last\u00a0up to a day. Image via Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope\/ Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Bottom line: For the first time, astronomers have gotten a good look at the details of a star beyond the sun, spotting the motion of star bubbles, or the convection of hot gas.<\/p>\n<p>Source: One month convection timescale on the surface of a giant evolved star<\/p>\n<p>Via ESO<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cp-load-after-post\"\/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-author\">\n<h4>EarthSky Voices<\/h4>\n<p>                    View Articles\n                  <\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"post-tags\">\n<h6 data-udy-fe=\"text_7c58270d\">About the Author:<\/h6>\n<p>Members of the EarthSky community &#8211; including scientists, as well as science and nature writers from across the globe &#8211; weigh in on what&#8217;s important to them.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/space\/star-bubbles-convection-granules-video-r-doradus\/?rand=772280\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Watch the motion of star bubbles on the surface of the star R Doradus in the video above. Stars \u2013 including our own sun \u2013 have giant bubbles of hot&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":788795,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-788794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-sky"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=788794"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/788794\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/788795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=788794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=788794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=788794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}