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Congratulations, it\u2019s twins<\/p>\n
K. Miller, R. Hurt\/Caltech\/IPAC<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n
An odd star that has confused researchers for decades now makes sense \u2013 it turns out not to be a single star but two companions.<\/p>\n
\u201cIt used to be that this brown dwarf didn\u2019t make any sense. We worried that we were doing something horribly wrong, or that our models were horribly wrong. But, no, everything\u2019s fine. It just has a friend,\u201d says Timothy Brandt at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Maryland.<\/p>\n
He and his colleagues used instruments at the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii and the Very Large Telescope in Chile to unravel the mystery of the first brown dwarf.<\/p>\n
Brown dwarfs are \u201cfailed stars\u201d in that they have too little matter and are too cool to sustain nuclear fusion. They become faint in the night sky, similar to planets, instead of burning bright for millennia. The first brown dwarf, called Gliese 229B, was discovered in 1995, but its mass was inexplicably large, says Jerry Xuan at the California Institute of Technology.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n Gliese 229B was estimated to be about 71 times as massive as Jupiter, and a star born at that size would have not cooled down to be as dim as we see it even if it was as old as the universe, says Brandt. This led some researchers to suggest that Gliese 22B is a pair of very faint stars, but until now they had no definitive evidence.<\/p>\n Xuan says this is because the two brown dwarf companions, Gliese 229Ba and Bb, are unusually close together and seeing them both required very precise observations. But observations by two research teams confirmed that they are separate and orbit each other every 12 days, always keeping a distance about 16 times as large as that between Earth and the moon.<\/p>\n Uncovering Gliese 229B\u2019s double identity may be the beginning of a trend, says Samuel Whitebook at the California Institute of Technology who was part of one of the research teams. \u201cThere are likely many binary systems that have been hiding under our noses this whole time,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n Xuan says he has already picked out several other brown dwarfs to examine more precisely. Because brown dwarfs are similar to both exoplanets and stars, understanding how many of them are actually twins may shed some light on the formation of these other cosmic bodies as well.<\/p>\n Topics:<\/p>\n<\/section><\/div>\n