{"id":792829,"date":"2025-01-18T20:20:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-19T01:20:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=792829"},"modified":"2025-01-18T20:20:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-19T01:20:09","slug":"nasa-is-building-a-space-telescope-to-observe-exoplanet-atmospheres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=792829","title":{"rendered":"NASA is Building a Space Telescope to Observe Exoplanet Atmospheres"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The exoplanet census continues to grow. Currently, 5,819 exoplanets have been confirmed in 4,346 star systems, while thousands more await confirmation. The vast majority of these planets were detected in the past twenty years, owing to missions like the <em>Kepler Space Telescope<\/em>, the <em>Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite<\/em> (TESS), the venerable <em>Hubble<\/em>, the <em>Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits<\/em> (CoRoT) mission, and more. Thousands more are expected as the <em>James Webb Space Telescope<\/em> continues its mission and is joined by the <em>Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope<\/em> (RST).<\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, astronomers will soon have another advanced observatory to help search for potentially habitable exoplanets. It\u2019s called Pandora, a small satellite that was selected in 2021 as part of NASA\u2019s call for Pioneer mission concepts. This observatory is designed to study planets detected by other missions by studying these planets\u2019 atmospheres of exoplanets and the activity of their host stars with long-duration multiwavelength observations. The mission is one step closer to launch with the completion of the spacecraft bus, which provides the structure, power, and other systems.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"more-170469\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Funded by NASA\u2019s Astrophysics Pioneers, Pandora is a joint effort between Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center. The mission will study planets detected by other observatories that rely on Transit Photometry (aka. the Transit Method), where astronomers monitor stars for periodic dips in brightness that indicate the presence of orbiting planets. Pandora will then monitor these planets for future transits and obtain spectra from their atmospheres \u2013 a process known as Transit Spectroscopy.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA&#039;s Pandora Mission Will Study Alien Atmospheres\" width=\"1110\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Inxe5Bgarj0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>Using this method, scientists can determine the chemical composition of exoplanet atmospheres and search for indications of biological activity (aka. \u201cbiosignatures\u201d). During its year-long primary mission, the SmallSat will study 20 stars and their 39 exoplanets in visible and infrared light. The mission team anticipates Pandora will observe at least 20 exoplanets 10 times for 24 hours, during which transits will occur, and the satellite will obtain spectra from the exoplanets\u2019 atmospheres.<\/p>\n<p>In particular, Pandora will be looking to determine the presence of hazes, clouds, and water. The data it obtains will establish a firm foundation for interpreting measurements by <em>Webb<\/em> and future missions to search for habitable worlds.\u00a0Daniel Apai, a co-investigator of the mission, is a professor of astronomy and planetary sciences at the U of A\u00a0Steward Observatory and\u00a0Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, who leads the mission\u2019s Exoplanets Science Working Group. As he said in a U of A News release:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cAlthough smaller and less sensitive than Webb, Pandora will be able to stare longer at the host stars of extrasolar planets, allowing for deeper study. Better understanding of the stars will help Pandora and its \u2018big brother,\u2019 the James Webb Space Telescope, disentangle signals from stars and their planets.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The concept for the telescope emerged to address a specific problem with Transit Spectroscopy. During transits, telescopes capture far more than just the passing through the planet\u2019s atmosphere. They also capture light from the star itself. In addition, stellar surfaces are not uniform and have hotter, brighter regions (faculae) and cooler, darker regions (stellar spots) that change in size and position as the star rotates. This produces \u201cmixed signals\u201d that make it difficult to distinguish between light passing through the planet\u2019s atmosphere and light from the star \u2013 which can mimic the signal produced by water.<\/p>\n<p>Pandora will disentangle these signals by simultaneously monitoring the host star\u2019s brightness in visible and infrared light. These observations will provide constraints on the variations in the star\u2019s light, which can used to separate the star\u2019s spectrum from the exoplanet\u2019s. With the completion of the spacecraft bus, Pandora is one step closer to launch thanks to the completion of the spacecraft bus, which provides the structure, power, and other systems vital to the mission.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA | Alien Atmospheres\" width=\"1110\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CcUhVCMAhAI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>The completion of the bus was announced on January 16th during a press briefing at the 245th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in National Harbor, Maryland.\u00a0\u201cThis is a huge milestone for us and keeps us on track for a launch in the fall,\u201d said Elisa Quintana, Pandora\u2019s principal investigator at NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center. \u201cThe bus holds our instruments and handles navigation, data acquisition, and communication with Earth \u2014 it\u2019s the brains of the spacecraft.\u201d\u00a0Said Ben Hord, a NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow who discussed the mission at the 245 AAS:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWe see the presence of water as a critical aspect of habitability because water is essential to life as we know it. The problem with confirming its presence in exoplanet atmospheres is that variations in light from the host star can mask or mimic the signal of water. Separating these sources is where Pandora will shine.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPandora\u2019s near-infrared detector is actually a spare developed for the Webb telescope, which right now is the observatory most sensitive to exoplanet atmospheres. In turn, our observations will improve Webb\u2019s ability to separate the star\u2019s signals from those of the planet\u2019s atmosphere, enabling Webb to make more precise atmospheric measurements.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Unlike <em>Webb <\/em>and other flagship missions, Pandora can conduct continuous observations for extended periods because the demand for observation time will be low by comparison. Therefore, the Pandora satellite will fill a crucial gap between exoplanet discovery provided by flagship missions and exoplanet characterization. The mission is also a boon for the University of Arizona since Pandora\u2019s science working group is led from there, and Pandora will be the first mission to have its operations center at the U of A Space Institute. <\/p>\n<p><em>Further Reading: U of A News<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded\" id=\"like-post-wrapper-24000880-170469-678c4fcdc358f\" data-src=\"https:\/\/widgets.wp.com\/likes\/?ver=14.0#blog_id=24000880&amp;post_id=170469&amp;origin=www.universetoday.com&amp;obj_id=24000880-170469-678c4fcdc358f&amp;n=1\" data-name=\"like-post-frame-24000880-170469-678c4fcdc358f\" data-title=\"Like or Reblog\">\n<h3 class=\"sd-title\">Like this:<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"button\"><span>Like<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"loading\">Loading&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"sd-text-color\"\/><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/170469\/nasa-is-building-a-space-telescope-to-observe-exoplanet-atmospheres\/?rand=772204\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The exoplanet census continues to grow. Currently, 5,819 exoplanets have been confirmed in 4,346 star systems, while thousands more await confirmation. The vast majority of these planets were detected in&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":792830,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-792829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genaero"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/792829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=792829"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/792829\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/792830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=792829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=792829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=792829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}