{"id":792952,"date":"2025-01-24T08:31:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T13:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=792952"},"modified":"2025-01-24T08:31:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-24T13:31:03","slug":"even-more-planets-were-hiding-in-keplers-fields","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/?p=792952","title":{"rendered":"Even More Planets Were Hiding in Kepler&#8217;s Fields"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Kepler was one of the most successful exoplanet-hunting missions so far. It discovered 2,600 confirmed exoplanets \u2013 almost half of the total \u2013 in its almost ten years of operation. However, most data analysis focused only on one of the 150,000 targets it \u201cintended\u201d to look at. While it was making those observations, there were a myriad of background stars that also had their light captured incidentally. John Bienias and Robert Szab\u00f3 of Hungary\u2019s Konkoly Observatory have spent a lot of time looking at those background stars and recently published a paper suggesting there might be seven more exoplanet candidates hiding in the data.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"more-170591\"\/><\/p>\n<p>As with many space telescope missions, Kepler\u2019s dataset is open to the public. NASA maintains a database with the raw data collected during the space telescope\u2019s observations, and researchers are free to download it and analyze it as they see fit.<\/p>\n<p>Plenty of interesting things are hiding in that data that were overlooked by the more than 3136 peer-reviewed scientific papers that have utilized Kepler\u2019s data. In the past, the authors have published other documents using the same datasets that described eclipsing binary stars and RR Lyrae stars, a type of pulsating variable star already existing in the data.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Farewell Kepler. Welcome TESS And The Quest To Find Earth 2.0\" width=\"1110\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xiBqpsedsHE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/p><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fraser discusses the end of Kepler\u2019s mission.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>But while looking for more data on another paper about longer-period versions of those phenomena, they came across several stars whose light curve variability indicated something different \u2013 a planet passing in front of them. These \u201ctransits\u201d, as they are called, are one of the most common ways to identify exoplanet candidates, and have been used for decades, but this might be the first time they\u2019ve been used on some of the 500,000 background stars in Kepler\u2019s data.<\/p>\n<p>That might be because the data is patchier, as the telescope was not focused on the stars in the background, making this resolution more difficult. However, difficult does not mean impossible, and plenty of software solutions have been developed in the six years since the end of Kepler\u2019s primary mission to help facilitate crunching large sets of data to look for planets around other stars.<\/p>\n<p>One such system that has been around for a while is the Lomb-Scargle algorithm, developed in the 1970s and 80s and designed to detect periodic signals within time-series data. This algorithm is a valuable step in finding both the eclipsing binaries the authors were initially looking for and the exoplanet candidates they recently described.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What Will It Take to Find All The Exoplanets? MAUVE and Beyond\" width=\"1110\" height=\"624\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QAopwSKpk2Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/p><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fraser discusses Kepler\u2019s newest successor \u2013 MAUVE.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Other, more modern tools, proved more finicky, such as PSFmachine. This software package is designed to \u201cdeblend\u201d light curves in Kepler\u2019s data. Light curves are critical to exoplanet hunting as they show how the brightness of an object changes over time. However, in Kepler\u2019s background, multiple stars might be overlapping, causing a blending of their light curves. PSFmachine is designed to deal with that problem. However, the authors described several issues in using the software, including its inability to create any stand-alone curves in one case. This seemed to be due to the placement of the stars compared to Kepler\u2019s aperture (i.e., they were in the background) and the relatively small variations seen in the data.<\/p>\n<p>Another tool developed near the end of Kepler\u2019s mission was Pytransit, a Python-based software package that estimates the transmit models of light curves, including period, sizes, and orbital eccentricity. Candidate stars were also cross-referenced with the dataset from Gaia, which is designed to capture data about stars.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Utilizing all the tools, the authors identified seven exoplanet candidates. All were hot Jupiters, with sizes between .89 and 1.52 Jupiter\u2019s radius and orbits between .04 and .07 AU. They also checked to see if any of those dips in light curves might have been caused by second planets orbiting the same star but came up empty-handed.<\/p>\n<p>While seven additional candidate exoplanets might not seem like a lot compared to the 2,600 confirmed ones Kepler already found, combing over already released data shows how much more helpful context is sometimes publicly available if a researcher knows where and how to look. As more powerful software packages and analytical tools are developed, there will undoubtedly be more discoveries coming out of older data sets like Kepler\u2019s for some time to come.<\/p>\n<p>Learn More:<br \/>J Bienias &amp; R Szab\u00f3 \u2013 Background exoplanet candidates in the original Kepler field<br \/>UT \u2013 Old Data from Kepler Turns Up A System with Seven Planets<br \/>UT \u2013 This is Kepler\u2019s Final Image<br \/>UT \u2013 It\u2019s Over For Kepler. The Most Successful Planet Hunter Ever Built is Finally out of Fuel and Has Just Been Shut Down.<\/p>\n<p>Lead Image:<br \/>Artist\u2019s impression of Kepler<br \/>Credit \u2013 NASA Amex \/ JPL-Caltech\/T Pyle<\/p>\n<div class=\"sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded\" id=\"like-post-wrapper-24000880-170591-679393ab78d67\" data-src=\"https:\/\/widgets.wp.com\/likes\/?ver=14.0#blog_id=24000880&amp;post_id=170591&amp;origin=www.universetoday.com&amp;obj_id=24000880-170591-679393ab78d67&amp;n=1\" data-name=\"like-post-frame-24000880-170591-679393ab78d67\" data-title=\"Like or Reblog\">\n<h3 class=\"sd-title\">Like this:<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"button\"><span>Like<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"loading\">Loading&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"sd-text-color\"\/><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universetoday.com\/170591\/even-more-planets-were-hiding-in-keplers-fields\/?rand=772204\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kepler was one of the most successful exoplanet-hunting missions so far. It discovered 2,600 confirmed exoplanets \u2013 almost half of the total \u2013 in its almost ten years of operation.&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":792953,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-792952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genaero"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/792952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=792952"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/792952\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/792953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=792952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=792952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spaceweekly.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=792952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}