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Starship \u2014 the spacecraft that Elon Musk says will one day take people to Mars \u2014 is preparing for its eighth test flight.<\/p>\n
This trip to space, on Monday, will largely be a do-over of the seventh flight, which launched in January. In that test, Starship\u2019s mammoth booster, or the bottom of the rocket, successfully returned to the launchpad, but the upper-stage spacecraft disintegrated over the Caribbean, with some debris landing on the Turks and Caicos Islands.<\/p>\n
The latest flight aims to come to a less explosive conclusion. Here\u2019s what you need to know about Monday\u2019s flight.<\/p>\n
The launch is scheduled to occur during a one-hour window beginning at 6:30 p.m. Eastern time from Starbase, SpaceX\u2019s launch site in South Texas. SpaceX will provide coverage on its website beginning about 40 minutes before liftoff.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Whether the weather is favorable might be more uncertain because of gusty winds. The last Starship launch took place during similar conditions.<\/p>\n
The Starship rocket system is the largest ever built. At 403 feet tall, it\u2019s nearly 100 feet taller than the Statue of Liberty atop its pedestal.<\/p>\n
It has the most engines ever in a rocket booster: The Super Heavy booster is powered by 33 of SpaceX\u2019s Raptor engines. As those engines lift Starship off the launchpad, they will generate 16 million pounds of thrust at full throttle.<\/p>\n
The upper part, also called Starship or Ship for short, looks like a shiny rocket from science fiction movies of the 1950s, is made of stainless steel with large fins. This is the upper stage that will head toward orbit, and ultimately could carry people to the moon or even Mars.<\/p>\n
In six tests before the seventh flight, SpaceX demonstrated that the rocket\u2019s basic design works and the Starship can return to Earth almost intact. Over the coming year, SpaceX is looking to improve \u201cmore or less\u201d to \u201creliably\u201d and prove out other capabilities. The company is likely to receive approval from the Federal Aviation Administration for up to 25 flights this year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
The first part of the launch proceeded smoothly, with all 33 engines of the booster lifting the rocket toward space. The booster also separated properly, and the six engines of the second-stage spacecraft ignited, pushing it upward. But something went wrong, and air traffic over the Caribbean had to be diverted and delayed around the falling debris.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
About two minutes into the upper stage\u2019s flight, a flash occurred near the back of the spacecraft near one of the engines, SpaceX said. The company calls this area the \u201cattic.\u201d<\/p>\n
Sensors recorded a rise in pressure indicating a leak, SpaceX said.<\/p>\n
Two minutes later, there was another flash followed by fires in the attic, which caused all but one of the engines to shut down. Telemetry from the spacecraft ended eight minutes 20 seconds after liftoff.<\/p>\n
SpaceX said that the probable cause was stronger than expected rhythmic oscillations. The vibrations caused leaks of propellant that could not be fully vented from the attic, leading to the fires.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
SpaceX said that, according to its analysis, the self-destruct system blew up the rocket a few minutes later.<\/p>\n
The company said that feed lines carrying propellant to the engines were changed to reduce the oscillations. SpaceX also altered the propellant temperatures and thrust levels of the engines to avoid a repeat of the leaks.<\/p>\n
For the rocket on this flight, SpaceX also added more vents to the attic section, and a system to purge the area of propellants in order to reduce the chance of fires.<\/p>\n
The F.A.A. oversaw SpaceX\u2019s investigation of what went wrong during the seventh test flight, and it issued a launch license on Friday for the eighth flight.<\/p>\n
While in space, Starship will test a new system that somewhat resembles a Pez candy dispenser. It will shoot out four dummy satellites that are similar in size and shape to spacecraft that will be deployed for SpaceX\u2019s Starlink internet service. The dummy satellites will burn up in the atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
The flight also includes tests that aim to improve the ability of the upper stage to survive re-entry into the Earth\u2019s atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.<\/p>\n
The rocket stage will pivot to a vertical orientation and simulate a landing over the water.<\/p>\n
SpaceX will also try another catch of the Starship\u2019s booster.<\/p>\n
NASA is planning to use a version of Starship to take astronauts from lunar orbit to the surface of the moon during its Artemis III mission, currently scheduled for 2027.<\/p>\n
But that mission could be delayed, or even canceled, if the Trump administration revamps the moon program or shifts its attention to Mars.<\/p>\n
SpaceX will need to demonstrate high reliability of Starship before a flight with people on board takes place.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
The company continues to launch its Falcon 9 rockets from Florida and California every few days. But it has also had some recent glitches with that launcher.<\/p>\n
During launch in February, a Falcon 9 upper stage failed to execute the usual engine burn to ensure that the rocket\u2019s remains would splash down in the ocean. Instead, it remained in orbit. Air resistance caused it to fall gradually, and the stage re-entered the atmosphere 18 days later over Europe. No one was hurt or injured, but pieces of the rocket appear to have landed in Poland.<\/p>\n
SpaceX encountered another problem on Sunday night when a Falcon 9 booster successfully landed on a barge in the Atlantic Ocean but then fell over.<\/p>\n
SpaceX reported that \u201can off-nominal fire in the aft end of the rocket damaged one of the booster\u2019s landing legs which resulted in it tipping over.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n