- \n
- Yeasts are single-celled microorganisms<\/strong> of the fungus kingdom.<\/li>\n
- Could yeast survive on Mars?<\/strong> A new study from researchers in India shows that some of them would be able to.<\/li>\n
- The yeast cells were exposed to high-intensity shockwaves and toxic perchlorate salts<\/strong> in lab tests. Many of them survived.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Science matters. Wonder matters. You matter.<\/strong>
Join our 2025 Donation Campaign today.<\/p>\nYeast on Mars<\/h3>\n
When it comes to earthly organisms that could conceivably survive on Mars\u2019 harsh surface, the options are seemingly few. But scientists in India found one that just might be able to: yeast.<\/p>\n
Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) said on October 24, 2025, that simple yeast cells could survive shockwaves from meteorite impacts and highly toxic perchlorate salts. The research team used simple baker\u2019s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/em>) for their experiments.<\/p>\n
Yeasts are tiny, single-celled microorganisms that are classified as part of the fungus kingdom. There are more than 1,500 species currently known.<\/p>\n
The researchers published their peer-reviewed findings in the journal PNAS Nexus<\/em> on October 14, 2025.<\/p>\n
Shockwaves and salts<\/h3>\n
To find out if yeast could actually survive the extreme conditions on Mars, the researchers exposed their yeast samples to two kinds of environmental factors. These were shock waves, mimicking meteorite impacts or marsquakes, and perchlorate salts, which are highly toxic and common on Mars.<\/p>\n
The shockwaves reached mach 5.6 in intensity. In addition, the researchers exposed the yeast cells to 100 mM sodium perchlorate. This was done both in isolation from the shockwaves and in combination with the shockwaves.<\/p>\n
These unique experiments had not been done before, explained lead author Riya Dhage, a project assistant at the Indian Institute of Science:<\/p>\n
\n
One of the biggest hurdles was setting up the HISTA tube to expose live yeast cells to shock waves \u2013 something that has not been attempted before \u2013 and then recovering yeast with minimum contamination for downstream experiments.<\/p>\n
What makes this work unique is the integration of shock wave physics and chemical biology with molecular cell biology to probe how life might cope with such Mars-like stressors.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
\n
Could life survive on Mars? Yeast offers a clue #EarthDotCom #EarthSnap #Earth<\/p>\n
\u2014 Earth.com (@earthdotcom.bsky.social) 2025-10-25T13:25:36Z<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Yeast on Mars survived in simulations<\/h3>\n
Remarkably, many of the yeast cells did<\/em> survive. Notably, this was the case whether they were tested with the shockwaves and perchlorates together or separately. The growth of the cells did slow down, but the stressful and toxic conditions didn\u2019t kill them. Co-author Purusharth Rajyaguru said:<\/p>\n
\n
We were surprised to observe yeast surviving the Mars-like stress conditions that we used in our experiments. We hope that this study will galvanize efforts to have yeast on board in future space explorations.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
So, how did they survive? The researchers said that ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates, produced by the cells, likely saved them. Those are tiny structures that have no membranes. They help protect and reorganize mRNA (messenger RNA) when the cells are under stress. mRNA is a type of single-stranded RNA (ribonucleic acid) involved in protein creation. In fact, the shockwaves triggered the creation of two types of RNPs, called stress granules and P-bodies. The perchlorates, meanwhile, caused the formation of just P-bodies.<\/p>\n
In some cases, however, the yeast cells weren\u2019t able to form those structures. And consequently, those cells didn\u2019t survive.<\/p>\n
![\"Yeast](\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2025\/10\/yeast-cells-cytoplasmic-RNP-condensates-Indian-Institute-of-Science-October-24-2025.png\")
View larger. | This image shows yeast cells with the protective RNP condensates in them (yellow dots). Image via Riya Dhage\/ Indian Institute of Science.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n ![\"Smiling](\"https:\/\/earthsky.org\/upl\/2025\/10\/Riya-Dhage-Purusharth-Rajyaguru-Indian-Institute-of-Science-October-24-2025.jpeg\")
Lead author Riya Dhage and co-author Purusharth Rajyaguru at the Indian Institute of Science. Image via Swati Lamba\/ Indian Institute of Science.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n Possible biosignatures<\/h3>\n
The fact that many of the yeast cells did survive was surprising, and shows that similar kinds of cells could indeed survive on Mars in some instances. With that in mind, the protective RNP condensates might actually be good biosignatures \u2013 signs of life \u2013 when searching for evidence of extraterrestrial lifeforms. Dhage said:<\/p>\n
\n
What makes this work unique is the integration of shock wave physics and chemical biology with molecular cell biology to probe how life might cope with such Mars-like stressors.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Bottom line: A new study from scientists in India shows that yeast could survive on Mars, tolerating both shockwaves from impacts and toxic perchlorate salts.<\/p>\n
Source: Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates modulate survival in response to Mars-like stress conditions<\/p>\n
Via Indian Institute of Science<\/p>\n
Read more: Life on Mars? Odd rings and spots tantalize scientists<\/p>\n
Read more: Prototaxites: Oldest giant organisms a lost kingdom of life?<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
\n - Could yeast survive on Mars?<\/strong> A new study from researchers in India shows that some of them would be able to.<\/li>\n