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A team of Cornell University students are turning heads within industry and the federal government with the results of their research into creating a national air transportation management system in which thousands of drones could safely operate together.<\/p>\n
NASA is sponsoring their work through the University Student Research Challenge (USRC), which provides grants to college students interested in helping the agency realize its aeronautical research goals.<\/p>\n
\u201cLooking at new traffic management systems for drones is not new,\u201d said Mehrnaz Sabet, a doctoral student in the field of information science who serves as principal investigator on the grant and leads the Cornell team. \u201cIn fact, NASA has led that effort for years.\u201d<\/p>\n
Now, through USRC, NASA is giving Sabet and her team the chance to offer up innovative approaches to drone safety by managing their movements in the air, taking advantage of their young minds and fresh ideas.<\/p>\n
The ultimate benefit of Cornell\u2019s research in this area is the full realization of advanced air mobility, an area of industry focus that includes everything from urban flying taxis, more robust disaster response aircraft, and hot fresh pizza delivered right to your door.<\/p>\n
The work also underscores the value NASA places on maturing cutting-edge technologies and helping to develop its future workforce through initiatives like USRC.<\/p>\n
\u201cSabet and her team have demonstrated versatile skills involving software, algorithms, hardware, sensors development, laboratory tests, simulations, and actual flight tests \u2013 a rare combination,\u201d said Parimal Koperdekar, acting director of NASA\u2019s Airspace Operations and Safety Program.<\/p>\n
Currently, drone operators must file plans that fully describes the intended flight path of the drone with a traffic management service. Those plans are checked with others to ensure there will be no collisions \u2013 what Sabet calls strategic deconfliction.<\/p>\n
The challenge is that today\u2019s air traffic management system is limited in its ability to handle the growing number of aircraft taking to the sky. Adding thousands of drones to the mix during the coming years risks over burdening the system, Sabet said.<\/p>\n
What is needed in the air is essentially what we have on the ground \u2013 where millions of people drive on a road every day, she said.<\/p>\n
As a driver you might know your whole \u201ctrajectory,\u201d or the path you\u2019d follow to reach your destination. But you would never coordinate your plan with every other driver on the road before you leave. Instead, traffic laws and infrastructure such as stop lights and traffic signs allow you to deconflict with other cars as you go.<\/p>\n
Drone operators will still have to file flight plans saying where they intend to go, but the idea is to incorporate that car-like flexibility into drone operating systems, allowing them to be adaptable during their journeys.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe need to ensure all these different types of drones can tactically deconflict with each other so that it is safe for them to operate like cars do on the ground. And that missing piece \u2013 tactical deconfliction \u2013 is at the center of our project,\u201d Sabet said.<\/p>\n
The key to the Cornell team\u2019s research is the notion of integrating a simulated world with the real one to test and demonstrate how drones can learn to adapt to potentially hazardous conditions and make necessary corrections in their flight path on their own.<\/p>\n
Knowing they could not go out and fly 100 drones at the same time to test their ideas for tactical deconfliction, the students decided to create an entirely virtual urban world to evaluate different high-volume traffic models, separation algorithms, and related data.<\/p>\n
\u201cOur first year of the project went into adapting and scaling that simulation engine and it all went very well,\u201d Sabet said. \u201cBut we didn\u2019t want to stick to a simulation. We wanted to see how the simulation translated to the real world, which mattered more.\u201d<\/p>\n
Still hampered by the limitations of how many drones they could operate and where they could fly \u2013 not many and basically in the middle of nowhere \u2013 they sought the best of both worlds, real and imagined.<\/p>\n
\u201cWhat we wound up doing was to embed the simulation into a real drone, so the drone thought it was flying in a dense urban environment although it was actually flying out in an open field where there wasn\u2019t a real city in sight,\u201d Sabet said.<\/p>\n
This allowed the team to try out different traffic management tools and evaluate how drones might coordinate course corrections and avoid collisions with each other.<\/p>\n
During the past year, they\u2019ve taken the idea further by flying two real drones in the real world, each running the real-time simulation on board, allowing them to coordinate and \u201csee\u201d both simulated traffic and each other within the integrated test environment.<\/p>\n
\u201cWe would then intentionally put them on a direct collision course to stress-test the detect and avoid and coordination models and see how well they react and coordinate the drone\u2019s maneuvers to avoid hitting each other,\u201d Sabet said.<\/p>\n
Their success struck a chord with NASA experts in Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM).<\/p>\n
\u201cWhat\u2019s impressive is that Cornell\u2019s study included over 10,000 runs involving more than one million trajectories, and over 200,000 hours of experimentation to understand how multi-agent decentralized coordination would safely take place,\u201d Kopardekar said.<\/p>\n
Industry and the Federal Aviation Administration have also responded positively to this research and its potential. The team was asked to use its infrastructure and technology to virtually recreate an incident in 2025 in which a pair of drones collided with a stationary crane in Arizona. The team also showed how the accident could have been prevented.<\/p>\n
The team was also asked to simulate recent, real-world fires in California to showcase how drones could better coordinate their movements both to provide situational awareness for public safety officials on the ground and to stay clear of fire-suppressing air tankers.<\/p>\n
And according to the Cornell team, the FAA is interested in applying the project\u2019s mix of virtual and real-world testing to evaluate drone operations under increasing levels of operational complexity.<\/p>\n
\u201cThis kind of mixed-reality type of operational complexity enables them to test drone operations in a way that was not possible before,\u201d Sabet said.<\/p>\n
Thanks to NASA\u2019s support through USRC, the Cornell team will continue to expand their capabilities and manage increasingly complex advanced air mobility operations.<\/p>\n
\u201cOur goal is to build the foundational systems that enable safe, large-scale autonomy in the skies,\u201d Sabet said.<\/p>\n
USRC is an opportunity within NASA\u2019s Transformative Aeronautics Concepts Program under the agency\u2019s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n