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SWPC issued the watch at 13:01 UTC on September 29, forecasting no storm-level geomagnetic activity on September 30 or October 1 and G1 conditions on October 2.<\/p>\n
In its three-day forecast issued at 00:30 UTC on September 30, SWPC said G1 \u2013 Minor storming was likely on October 2 due to glancing effects from the CME. It placed he highest forecast three-hour Kp at 4.67, equivalent to Kp 5\u2212 (G1 \u2013 Minor geomagnetic storm) during 15:00\u201318:00 UTC. The greatest observed three-hour Kp during the preceding 24 hours was 2, below NOAA Space Weather Scale levels.<\/p>\n
NASA\u2019s Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) said a large solar filament extending approximately from S10W50 to N45W50 began lifting off at about 13:51 UTC on September 28. The associated CME was first observed west of the Sun in imagery from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory\u2019s Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph C2 at 14:36 UTC.<\/p>\n
The Solar Influences Data Analysis Center at the Royal Observatory of Belgium independently described the event as a partial-halo CME with an angular width of about 200\u00b0 and estimated speed near 500 km\/s (311 miles\/s). It said most of the material was directed westward, making a glancing encounter with Earth the expected scenario on October 2.<\/p>\n
A deterministic NASA WSA-ENLIL+Cone model run predicted shock arrival near Earth at approximately 03:15 UTC on October 2, with an uncertainty of \u00b17 hours. That solution placed the possible maximum geomagnetic response between Kp 3 and Kp 5.<\/p>\n
NASA\u2019s 27-member ensemble produced an average modeled arrival of 00:05 UTC on October 2. The CME\u2019s leading edge reached missions near Earth between 16:25 UTC on October 1 and 06:42 UTC on October 2 in 96% of the simulations, while the ensemble assigned a 95% chance that maximum Kp would remain between 2 and 4, below the G1 threshold.<\/p>\n
G1 \u2013 Minor is the lowest category on NOAA\u2019s five-level geomagnetic storm scale and corresponds to Kp 5. Weak power-grid fluctuations can occur, minor effects on satellite operations are possible, and aurora may become visible at high latitudes, including parts of the northern U.S. tier such as northern Michigan and Maine.<\/p>\n
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