Abstract: The airship Italia, commanded by General Umberto Nobile, crashed during its return flight from the North Pole in 1928. Prior work has demonstrated the possibility that this crash was fatigue-related, due to significant sleep-deprivation on the part of its Commander, and to resulting errors in cognition and judgment. However, the underlying cause of the fatigue was likely due to the fact that the Commander did not have a Second-In-Command on board to take over duties while the Commander was al…