(Phys.org)—Lignin is an important component of the cell wall in plant cells and accounts for rigid structures, such as tree bark. It is an organic polymer that is insoluble in water, and encases cellulose fibers via attachment to various polysaccharides that are collectively known as hemicelluloses. Part of the process of making paper is to remove lignin, or delignification. Additionally, there is much interest in finding simple, environmentally friendly ways to remove lignin to access cellulose for biofuels and to use as a bioproduct. However, delignification processes tend to involve harsh conditions, such as high temperatures and pressure, and require caustic reagents.