Charles Darwin wrote a book called “The Power of Movement in Plants” with his son Francis in which they first identified the root apex as the central command center of plants. In contrast to our own orientation with respect to Earth’s gravitational field, Darwin proposed that the root apices represented the anterior cognitive pole of the plant or tree, while the shoot apices represented the posterior pole. In this view, the root apices are solely responsible for identifying and targeting nutrient-rich and toxin-depleted areas of soil in which to grow, while the shoots generate the sexual apparatus for reproduction.
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Source: Phys.org