As antibiotics are restricted or even banned in animal production, more disinfectants are used to maintain adequate sanitation to prevent bacterial diseases. The usage of disinfectant is more than that of antibiotics, especially during the flu pandemic. Widely used quaternary ammonium disinfectants have exacerbated the problem of antimicrobial resistance due to co- and cross-resistances, but the changes of disinfectants-induced antibiotic resistance in the soil environment are unclear.
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Source: Phys.org