The Andes are the world’s most species rich biological diversity hotspot, containing an astounding 15% of the world’s plant species, despite making up only 1% of the earth’s surface. Orchids are a key element of Andean plant life, but despite their importance and abundance, particularly epiphytic orchids (plants that grow on other plants) their origin has not yet been studied in great detail. “Orchids are not only popular in horticulture but also great models to understand evolution” says Professor Alexandre Antonelli at the Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, senior author of the study.