Abstract: Reduced crew operations (RCO) refers to the reduction of crew members flying long-haul or military operations with more than one pilot onboard. Single pilot operations (SPO) refers to flying a commercial transport aircraft with only one pilot on board the aircraft, assisted by advanced onboard automation andor ground operators providing piloting support services. Properly implemented, RCO/SPO could provide operating cost savings while maintaining a level of safety no less than conventional tw…