A KAIST team presented a highly customizable neural stimulation method. The research team developed a technology that can print the heat pattern on a micron scale to enable the control of biological activities remotely. The researchers integrated a precision inkjet printing technology with bio-functional thermo-plasmonic nanoparticles to achieve a selective nano-photothermal neural stimulation method. The research team of Professor Yoonkey Nam at the Department of Bio and Brain Engineering expects this will serve as an enabling technology for personalized precision neuromodulation therapy for patients with neurological disorders.