How your brain learns to expect mud puddles in the park (and other things)

Whenever there’s a mismatch between what you expect to experience and what you actually experience, the brain has to register the error and update your expectation. These changing expectations are fundamental for making decisions. A new study is the first to show how your midbrain responds to the error, and the orbitofrontal cortex updates the information. That’s how you know what to expect tomorrow.