With the rapid development of industrial technology, the energy crisis caused by the shortage of fossil energy has been a growing problem. The renewable and green energy source systems such as fuel cell and metal-air batteries are regarded as reliable alternatives to fossil fuels. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are important semi-reactions in these applications. The noble metal catalysts are widely used for both ORR and OER. However, their scarcity, high cost, and poor durability strongly impede large-scale application. Therefore, a rational design of bifunctional non-expensive oxygen electrocatalysts is highly desired.
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Source: Phys.org