The kinetics of Li-ions transport across the electrolyte and the SEI is usually the rate-determining step in the Li plating-stripping process. Before electroplating on the anode surface, Li-ions migrate from a cathode to an anode through pores in a separator that is filled with electrolytes. The Li metal surface facing the pores in the separator becomes enriched with Li-ions due to their accumulation inside the pores. Thus, the fresh Li metal selectively deposits on these regions with a higher concentration of Li-ions, forming an uneven Li metal surface, as well as dendritic Li growth.
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Source: Phys.org