During an earthquake, Earth’s crust moves, or slips, along fractures in rock called faults. These movements can be detected and recorded by geophysical instruments located at various locations on Earth’s surface. Recordings from geophysical instruments have a different orientation relative to the earthquake’s epicenter and therefore record a different aspect of a fault slip. An important problem in seismology is reconciling these different measurements to determine the true orientation of an earthquake’s many fault slips, as well as the large-scale stresses that create them.
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Source: Phys.org