An exciting prospect in modern optics is to exploit patterns of light—how the light looks in its many degrees of freedom—often referred to as “structured light.” Each distinct pattern could form an encoding alphabet for optical communication, or might be used in manufacturing to enhance performance and productivity. Unfortunately, patterns of light get distorted when they pass through noisy channels, for instance, stressed optical fiber, aberrated optics, turbid living tissue, and perhaps a very severe example, atmospheric turbulence in air.
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Source: Phys.org